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锂离子电池安全性至关重要,本次研究利用BTC-130电池量热仪对扣式固态聚合物锂电池、扣式液态锂金属负极电池和18650型锂离子电池进行热失控行为研究。结果表明:18650型锂离子电池热失控起始温度为150℃且热失控放热剧烈,各副反应随热失控同步发生,自放热反应被掩盖无法在温度-时间(T-t)曲线中单独体现。而扣式电池活性物质少、自放热较少,热失控起始温度滞后,温度-时间(T-t)曲线中可以清晰地展现电池升温过程中各个自放热副反应。固态聚合物电池在150℃时无隔膜熔融导致内短路现象,180℃时无碳酸酯溶剂大量气化致电池壳破裂现象,其热失控触发机制是正极材料高温释氧,再与聚合物和熔融锂发生氧化还原反应,聚合物固态电池的安全性优于相应的液态电解质电池。
Abstract：The safety of lithium ion batteries is of vital importance,In this study,the BTC-130 battery calorimeter was used to study the thermal runaway behavior of coin solid polymer lithium batteries,coin liquid lithium metal anode batteries,and 18650 lithium-ion batteries. The results show that the starting temperature of the thermal runaway of the 18650 lithium-ion battery is 150 ℃ and the thermal runaway exotherm is violent.The side reactions occur synchronously with the thermal runaway,and the self-exothermic reaction is masked and cannot be reflected in the temperature-time( T-t) curve alone. The coin battery has less active material,less self-exotherm,and the onset temperature of thermal runaway lags.The temperature-time( T-t) curve can clearly show the self-exothermic side reactions during the battery heating process.The solid polymer battery has no separator melting at 150 ℃ which causes an internal short circuit,and no carbonate solvent gasification at 180 ℃ causes the battery shell to rupture. The thermal runaway trigger mechanism of the coin solid polymer battery is that the positive electrode material releases oxygen at high temperature,and then redox reaction occurs with the polymer and molten lithium. The safety of the polymer solid battery is better than the corresponding liquid electrolyte battery.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TM912
引用信息:
[1]杨坤,张诗怡,雷洪钧,等.聚合物全固态电池安全性及其热失控行为研究[J].电池工业,2020,24(05):233-240.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51872127);; 湖北省楚天学者计划和江汉大学研究生科研创新基金项目(YKYCXJJGC18006);; 江汉大学学生科研项目(2020zd078)
2020-10-25
2020-10-25