由于锂电池存在响应快速、能量密度高、较好的系统稳定性、较高的性价比等优点，锂电池储能电站在新能源并网以及调峰调频等领域不断被推广运用，但是在大规模运用的同时，锂电储能电站也存在热失控易引发火灾蔓延、能量密度大极易导致连锁燃烧爆炸、锂电池火灾难以扑灭、电气电池管理系统要求高、散热和部局需求高、传统防灭火技术“滞后性、易复燃、难预控”的痛点，本文立足膜分离低氧环境控制技术主动持续惰化防护的防灭火工作原理，探究其在储能电站主动防火、惰化抑爆、可燃气体管控中的应用机理与工程价值。通过梳理膜分离技术工作原理、储能火灾特点难点，结合相关领域应用实际，分析该技术在储能舱氧气浓度调控、可燃气体识别疏导、热失控蔓延抑制中的核心优势，并提出优化改进方向。

Due to their advantages such as fast response， high energy density， good system stability， and high cost-effectiveness， lithium battery energy storage stations are being increasingly adopted in areas like renewable energy grid integration and peak shaving and frequency regulation. However， along with large-scale deployment， these systems face challenges including the risk of thermal runaway leading to fire spread， high energy density increasing the likelihood of chain reactions and explosions， difficulty in extinguishing lithium battery fires， stringent requirements for electrical battery management systems， high demands for heat dissipation and layout design， and limitations of traditional fire prevention and suppression technologies—such as lagging response， tendency to re-ignite， and poor predictability and control. This paper focuses on the fire prevention and suppression mechanism based on membrane separation technology for low-oxygen environment control， which actively and continuously inertizes the atmosphere. It explores the application principles and engineering value of this technology in proactive fire protection， inertization and explosion suppression， and combustible gas management within energy storage stations. By reviewing the working principles of membrane separation technology and the characteristics and challenges of energy storage fires， and integrating practical applications from related fields， the paper analyzes the core advantages of this technology in oxygen concentration regulation within storage compartments， identification and guidance of combustible gases， and suppression of thermal runaway propagation， while also proposing directions for optimization and improvement.