随着电动汽车电池包容量的增加和电池单元能量密度的提高，电池的热管理已经成为当前电动汽车设计制造过程中的重点和难点。本文基于单个电池单元和电池模组逐级热分析的方法，在电池模组的热管理系统中，引入液冷板作为主动式制冷，同时采用风冷和均热板作为被动式制冷。首先，通过对单个电池单元进行细致建模，计算得到不同电池单元放电倍率下的产热量。然后，对组装成的电池模组进行主动和被动热管理系统的建模。接着，分别对两种不同的热管理系统—风冷与液冷耦合系统、液冷与均热板耦合系统进行最高温度和温度均匀性的模拟仿真，并选择冷却性能更优的结构。最后，对选定的热管理系统在不同质量流量下对系统冷却效果的影响进行优化设计。研究结果表明，随着冷却液流量的增加，最高温度呈现下降趋势，且在2.125 L/min之后冷却效果趋于平缓。综合考虑冷却效果和系统能耗，2.125 L/min的进口流量是在液冷与均热板耦合系统下的最佳选择。

As the capacity of electric vehicle batteries continues to increase and the energy density of battery cells becomes higher,thermal management of batteries has become a focal point and challenge in the current design and manufacturing process of electric vehicles.This article proposes two thermal management systems for battery modules based on step-by-step thermal analysis of individual battery cells and battery modules.In the thermal management system of the battery module,a liquid cooling plate is employed for active cooling,while air cooling and a heat-spreading plate are utilized for passive cooling.First,the heat generation of individual battery cells under different discharge rates is calculated based on detailed modeling.Then,the active and passive thermal management systems are modeled for the assembled battery module.Subsequently,two different thermal management systems,Air-Water coupled system and Water-Vapor Chamber coupled system,are simulated to determine the maximum temperature and temperature uniformity.The structure with superior cooling performance is selected.The chosen thermal management system is further optimized to investigate the effect of different mass flow rates on the cooling performance of the system.The results show that with the continuous increase in coolant flow rate,the maximum temperature exhibits a decreasing trend.After reaching 2.125 L/min,the cooling effect becomes relatively stable.Considering the cooling performance and system energy consumption,a flow rate of 2.125 L/min is determined as the optimal choice for Water-Vapor Chamber coupled system.