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为了提升锂离子电池在极端高温环境下的安全性，本文提出了一种基于磷酸三乙酯（TEP）基电解液与玻璃纤维（GF）隔膜的电池，通过自熄灭时间测试、隔膜热收缩率分析及软包电池的高温自燃实验，对比了该体系与传统商用电池（碳酸酯类电解液-聚烯烃隔膜）的安全性能。实验结果表明，当电解液中碳酸酯类（VC）添加量超过5%（质量分数）时，会对电解液安全性带来极大危害，进而增加热失控风险；玻璃纤维隔膜在150～200℃下热收缩率低于1%，远优于商用聚烯烃隔膜（热收缩率>32%）。在进一步的软包电池高温自燃实验中，TEP基电解液-GF隔膜电池相较于商用电池，在400℃与450℃下燃烧起始时间分别延迟35.8%与65.0%，燃烧持续时间减少70.1%与94.7%，最高温度降低42.6%与43.4%，在350℃下，商用电池持续燃烧128 s，相比之下，TEP基电解液-GF隔膜体系电池热失控触发温度提升约75%,350℃下实现了完全无明火状态。该研究为高安全性锂离子电池的设计提供了实验依据和技术支持。
Abstract：To enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries under extreme high-temperature conditions, this work proposes a battery incorporating triethyl phosphate(TEP)-based electrolyte and glass fiber(GF) separators. Comparative safety evaluations were conducted with conventional commercial batteries(carbonate-based electrolyte-polyolefin separators) through flame-extinguishing time tests, separator thermal shrinkage analysis, and high-temperature spontaneous combustion experiments on pouch cells.Experimental results revealed that exceeding 5% vinylene carbonate(VC) additive content in electrolytes substantially jeopardized safety and elevated thermal runaway risks. The GF separator demonstrated exceptional thermal stability with <1% shrinkage at 150～200 ℃, significantly outperforming commercial polyolefin separators(>32% shrinkage). In combustion tests at 400 ℃ and 450 ℃, the TEP-based electrolyte-GF separator system delayed ignition onset by 35.8% and 65.0%, reduced burning duration by 70.1% and 94.7%, and decreased peak temperatures by 42.6% and 43.4%, respectively, compared to conventional counterparts. Notably, under 350 ℃ conditions where commercial batteries sustained combustion for 128 s, the TEP-based system increased the thermal runaway trigger temperature by approximately 75% and achieved complete flame-free state.These findings provide experimental validation and technical benchmarks for designing high-safety lithium-ion batteries.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19996/j.cnki.ChinBatlnd.2026.01.009
中图分类号:TM912
引用信息:
[1]李耀,郑东.基于磷酸三乙酯基电解液与玻璃纤维隔膜的锂离子电池安全性实验研究[J].电池工业,2026,30(01):49-58.DOI:10.19996/j.cnki.ChinBatlnd.2026.01.009.
2025-04-30
2025-04-30
2025-04-30