在全球碳中和战略加速推进的背景下，锂离子电池规模化退役引发电解液绿色回收需求日益紧迫，然而传统回收工艺面临有机溶剂易挥发和锂盐水解产生剧毒氢氟酸的双重安全挑战。本文聚焦超临界二氧化碳流体技术的创新应用，探究该技术在废弃电解液资源化再生中的关键机制：基于密度可调控溶剂化效应阐明对碳酸酯类溶剂的选择性萃取原理；借助极性夹带剂突破对高极性组分的相容性限制；利用离子化合物在非极性超临界体系中的固有低溶解度实现锂盐的安全分离，以期为构建高效、绿色的电解液再生工艺提供理论与技术支撑。

Against the backdrop of accelerating global carbon neutrality strategies,the large-scale retirement of lithium-ion batteries has created an increasingly urgent demand for green electrolyte recycling.However,traditional recycling processes face dual safety challenges:volatile losses of organic solvents and the production of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid from lithium salt hydrolysis.This paper focuses on the innovative application of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid technology,systematically investigating its key mechanisms in the resource recovery of waste electrolytes:elucidating the selective extraction principle for carbonate solvents based on density-tunable solvation effects;overcoming compatibility limitations for highly polar components through polar entrainment agents;and achieving safe lithium salt separation by leveraging the inherently low solubility of ionic compounds in nonpolar supercritical systems.This research aims to provide theoretical and technical foundations for developing efficient,environmentally sustainable electrolyte recycling processes.