随着锂电池行业的快速发展，其运输安全性备受各界关注。铁路运输具有货运量大、便捷、成本低等优点，但运输时间长、跨越区域广，运输过程中较大的环境差异给锂电池安全运输带来更多的不确定性。本文选取极端高温城市的铁路枢纽区域作为实验地点，通过在集装箱和棚车布设温度采集点进行实地温度采集，分析温度变化规律，并将实地采集数据作为数据源进行集装箱温度场仿真模拟。结果表明，棚车车厢及集装箱内温度随高度增加而升高，内顶表面最高温度分别达到71.9℃和69.1℃，远高于室外无遮挡的最高温度（40.6℃）；此外，温度场仿真结果显示，集装箱最高温度超过75℃。另选取18650镍钴锰三元锂电池进行高温搁置实验及热失控分析，发现电池在高温环境的运输过程中面临性能加速衰减和更高的热安全风险。综合现场实测、温度场数值模拟和锂电池高温搁置热失控研究，结果表明锂电池长距离跨区域铁路运输应充分考虑运输过程中的温度场对电池性能和热安全性的影响。

With the rapid development of lithium batteries industries, the safety transportation of lithium batteries has drawn widespread attention from all sectors. Railway transport offers the advantages of high freight capacity, convenience, and low cost; however, its long transit times and extensive geographical reach expose shipments to wide environmental variations, bringing more uncertainties to the transportation safety of lithium batteries. This study selected a rail hub located in an extreme high-temperature city as the experimental site. Temperature sensors were deployed at multiple points inside both container and covered-wagon compartments to collect field data, after which the temperature evolution patterns were analyzed. The measured data were then employed as boundary and validation inputs for a numerical simulation of the container's temperature field. Results show that the temperature inside both covered wagons and containers increases with height, with maximum ceiling-surface temperatures reaching 71.9 ℃ and 69.1 ℃, respectively—far exceeding the unshaded outdoor peak of 40.6 ℃. Moreover, the simulated temperature-field indicates that the predicted maximum temperature inside the enclosures surpasses 75 ℃. High-temperature storage tests and thermal-runaway analyses performed on 18650 NCM(nickel-cobalt-manganese) ternary lithiumion batteries reveal that, under the elevated temperatures encountered during rail transport, the cells experience accelerated performance degradation and face a heightened thermal-safety risk. Integrating field measurements, numerical temperature-field modeling, and high-temperature storage together with thermal-runaway studies, the results demonstrate that the impact of evolving temperature field on both cell performance and thermal safety must be fully considered for long-distance, cross-regional rail transport of lithium batteries.