介绍了一种贮能装置——超电容器(或电化学电容器)的发展概况、基本原理、电极材料、电解液以及它目前的应用领域与可能的应用领域。由于超电容器具有一系列优良的特性,因而目前的发展方向主要落在与电池组成混合电池,用作辅助电源(电动车、混合电动车中)。由于它具有大的比功率与快充特性,超电容器能在车辆启动、加速、爬坡时提供瞬时大功率。并利用车辆正常运转时对超电容器充电,能缩小电池的尺寸。因而超电容器是一种具有前景的贮能装置。

The state-of-arts of development,f undamental principle,electrode ma terials,electrolytes,pre-sent applications and potential app lication fields for a novel storage e nergy device—super capacitor(or electrochemical capacitors)were presented.Because of its serie s of excellent characteristics and p erfor-mances,electrochemical capacitors were used in combination with batte ries in so-called hybrid systems in electric vehicles,hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles.A combination of a battery and an elec-trochemical capacitor can provide a more powerful and reliable system fo r engine starting,accelerating ,may deliver high current for fast pre heating of catalyst,may assist the e lectric power steering.Chemical capacitor will serve as a short time e nergy storage device with high power capability and allow to store the energy obtained from regenerative b reaking.This energy will be reused i n next acceleration.It allows to reduce the size of primary power sour ces,and keep them running at an optim ized operation point.