同济大学汽车学院;同济大学新能源汽车工程中心;
当前锂离子电池被广泛应用于清洁交通和规模储能场景中，然而由于电池制造单体一致性以及服役容量衰减速度的固有差异性，电池在运行过程中常出现轻微过度充电这一电滥用工况。进一步的滞后维护会带来循环积累效应，对电池的规模成组应用造成可靠性挑战和安全隐患。因此对主要电池类型在所述工况下的性能衰减特性进行研究具有重要意义。本文以磷酸铁锂和镍钴锰三元锂离子电池为研究对象，开展了正常循环老化和微过充循环老化试验。结果显示，磷酸铁锂电池在两种循环工况下的性能衰减特性差异较小，而三元电池在微过充循环工况下的性能衰减速度显著快于正常循环工况。结合电化学阻抗测试，通过等效电路模型和弛豫时间分布等分析方法，揭示了微过充循环工况下三元电池健康状态显著下降的主要原因：固体电解质界面膜等效电阻和传荷电阻的增长导致更严重的锂库存损失。相比之下，磷酸铁锂电池对微电滥用循环工况的抗性更为优异，固体电解质界面膜等效电阻和传荷电阻变化较小，相应的锂库存损失有限，因此在设定的循环圈数内，其性能衰减幅度与正常循环工况相比并未显著增加。
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19996/j.cnki.ChinBatlnd.2025.02.004
中图分类号:TM912
引用信息:
[1]魏港,黄冉军,姜波等.微电滥用条件下磷酸铁锂和三元锂离子电池的性能衰减研究[J].电池工业,2025,29(02):110-121.DOI:10.19996/j.cnki.ChinBatlnd.2025.02.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（52207242）;国家自然科学基金（52307248）