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固态电解质因其高安全性、宽电化学窗口以及与高能量密度电极材料的良好兼容性，被认为是突破传统锂离子电池性能瓶颈的关键材料体系。本文综述了聚合物、氧化物和硫化物固态电解质三类材料的本征特性、技术优势与局限性以及未来发展方向。研究表明：聚合物电解质表现出优异的加工性能和界面相容性，但其室温离子电导率和电化学稳定性仍需提升；氧化物电解质展现出卓越的热稳定性和宽电化学窗口，然而固-固界面接触问题和较高的制造成本制约了其实际应用；硫化物电解质具有接近液态电解质的超高离子电导率和理想的机械性能，但其本征化学稳定性差、对空气敏感，这些问题亟待解决。尽管固态电解质在提升电池能量密度和安全性方面潜力巨大，但其产业化进程仍受材料成本、界面阻抗以及规模化制备工艺等因素制约。基于现有研究，本文总结了固态电解质在材料体系设计、界面调控、成本优化和工程化应用等方面面临的挑战，并进一步提出新型电解质材料开发、界面反应机理研究和制备工艺创新等重点研究方向，以期为推动固态电解质技术的创新发展与产业化应用提供理论指导和技术参考。
Abstract：Solid-state electrolytes are regarded as a critical material system to overcome the performance limitations of conventional lithium-ion batteries, owing to their high safety, wide electrochemical window, and excellent compatibility with high-energy-density electrode materials. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of polymer, oxide, and sulfide solid-state electrolytes, with particular emphasis on analyzing the intrinsic characteristics, technical advantages, limitations, and future development directions of these three material categories. The findings reveal that polymer electrolytes exhibit superior processability and interfacial compatibility, but their room-temperature ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability require significant improvement. Oxide electrolytes demonstrate outstanding thermal stability and wide electrochemical windows, yet their practical applications are hindered by solidsolid interfacial contact issues and high manufacturing costs. Sulfide electrolytes possess ultrahigh ionic conductivity approaching liquid electrolytes and desirable mechanical properties, but their inherent chemical instability and stringent air sensitivity demand urgent solutions. Although solid-state electrolytes show tremendous potential in enhancing battery energy density and safety, their industrialization process remains constrained by key challenges including material costs, interfacial impedance, and scalable manufacturing technologies. Based on current research, this review outlines the core challenges in material system design, interface regulation mechanisms, cost optimization strategies, and engineering applications of solid-state electrolytes. Furthermore, it proposes key research directions such as novel electrolyte material development, interfacial reaction mechanism studies, and preparation process innovation. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance and technical references for promoting the innovative development and industrial application of solid-state electrolyte technologies.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19996/j.cnki.ChinBatlnd.2026.03.013
中图分类号:O646;TM912
引用信息:
[1]闫营营,陈耀.锂离子电池固态电解质的特性及研究进展[J].电池工业,2026,30(03):357-362.DOI:10.19996/j.cnki.ChinBatlnd.2026.03.013.
基金信息:
江苏省市场监督管理局科技计划项目（KJ2025062）
2025-06-25
2025
2025-07-20
2025-07-24
2025
1
2025-07-28
2025-07-28
2025-07-28